要遲到了說"I will be late for 5 minutes?"這句話哪裡不對?
因為一對一教學每一堂課都得留下紀錄,世界公民文化中心累積了龐大的資料庫。其中最有意思的一個資料庫是"debug",記錄了所有學生講英文時候所犯的錯。我們一面把錯誤做分類,一面把這些錯誤樣本拿給其他學生做,於是就導出了一個有趣的「錯誤率」。學生從錯誤率當中得到的有時是安心,有時是警愓,更多的是一種發現式學習的趣味,找到錯誤讓自己講英文時像個偵探。
學生最喜歡這樣的debug,因為平時自己英文說錯時,外國同事朋友覺得「懂意思就好,沒必要糾正」、本國同事覺得「指出錯誤有點小尷尬」、「不用為你的英文負責」,所以經常一錯就是好多年,一起來看看debug的實例。
(注意:這些都是錯誤的句子,先試著講出對的,再比對答案,這樣做記憶會增加好幾倍)
錯誤No.1:受中文影響,選錯動詞
我沒辦法接受辣的食物。
I won't accept eating spicy food.(X)
I don't like/prefer eating spicy food.(O)
I don't like/prefer eating spicy food.(O)
上禮拜認識了一個新朋友。
I knew a new friend last week.(X)
I met a new friend last week.(O)
I met a new friend last week.(O)
我要準備一場大考。
I need to prepare for a big exam.(X)
I need to study for a big exam.(O)
I need to study for a big exam.(O)
我在泰國度假時住在一間不錯的飯店。
I lived in a nice hotel during my vacation in Thailand.(X)
I stayed at a nice hotel during my vacation in Thailand.(O)
I stayed at a nice hotel during my vacation in Thailand.(O)
Solution:搭配記憶法
乍看之下文法沒錯的句子,其實用動詞被中文牽著走,有時候英文比較實事求是,「用」洗手間是use,「準備」考試其實是要study,「住」飯店其實只有停留stay幾天。怎麼才學不會錯呢?學句子的時候,不要只記單一動詞,要meet a new friend/ stay at a hotel/study for an exam把動詞和它的受詞搭配著記,就不會選錯了。
乍看之下文法沒錯的句子,其實用動詞被中文牽著走,有時候英文比較實事求是,「用」洗手間是use,「準備」考試其實是要study,「住」飯店其實只有停留stay幾天。怎麼才學不會錯呢?學句子的時候,不要只記單一動詞,要meet a new friend/ stay at a hotel/study for an exam把動詞和它的受詞搭配著記,就不會選錯了。
No.2:詞性混淆
去大賣場真好玩。
Going to the mall is so funny.(X)
Going to the mall is a lot of fun.(O)
Going to the mall is a lot of fun.(O)
我們和海外公司沒有太多往來。
We don't do(much)business with foreigner companies.(X)
We don't do(much)business with foreign companies.(O)
We don't do(much)business with foreign companies.(O)
你們的計畫若有變更,請告訴我們。
Please advice us of any change in your plan.(X)
Please advise us of any change in your plan. (O)
Please advise us of any change in your plan. (O)
Solution:查字典不要只查中文意思
很多人查字典只查它的「意思」,注意了,以後不要只查單字翻譯,找有各種詞性例句字典,就能掌握正確用法。例如學「advise」這個字,不要只查出它是勸告、忠告之外,也搞清楚它名詞是advice,還有ill-advised(輕率的)和well-advised(穩妥的)的用法。
NO.3:沒有時間感
他會遲到五分鐘。
He will be late for 5 minutes.(X)
He will be late by 5 minutes. (O)
I will be 5 minutes late. (O)
He will be late by 5 minutes. (O)
I will be 5 minutes late. (O)
我從小就認識他了。
I know him since I was a child. (X)
I have known him since I was a child.(O)
I have known him since I was a child.(O)
臉書今年已經賺了64億。
Facebook already gets $64 billion this year.(X)
Facebook already got $64 billion this year.(O)
Facebook already got $64 billion this year.(O)
Solution:熟悉過去式動詞和完成式分詞
中文沒有時態之別,所以過去式、完成式,和時間相關的介係詞,這類錯誤率都很高。類似的錯誤像看到時間就想用for;另一種是對於「期間」和「發生動作的時間」掌握不好,例如白天的時間是一段期間,介係詞要用during,認識一個人多久也是一段期間,要用完成式;而facebook賺了多少錢已經發生了,所以用過去式。大部份人都背過動詞三態,但都停留在背,而不熟悉使用,現在重新背誦,每背一個就造一個句子,一天練幾回,一個月之內過去式就朗朗上口了。
NO.4:超愛about和with
他們討論了下一季的目標。
They discussed about the goal for next quarter.(X)
They discussed the goal for next quarter.(O)
They had a discussion about the goal for next quarter.(O)
They discussed the goal for next quarter.(O)
They had a discussion about the goal for next quarter.(O)
還有一種超容易錯用with的形容詞,都用在比較:
與…類似
similar with(X)
similar to(O)
similar to(O)
與…不同
different with(X)
different from(O)
different from(O)
與…一樣
same with(X)
same as(O)
same as(O)
其中的不同
the difference with(X)
the difference between(O)
the difference between(O)
Solution:講慢一點,有足夠的時間選對的字
英文到了中等,想要求正確的階段,可以放慢說話的速度,暫時犧牲流暢感,一旦習慣正確的說法之後,流暢自然會回來。有空的時候,反覆練習唸discuss the proposal/similar to/same as/different from/difference between。不斷地重覆唸會累積語感,時間夠了,自然就會講對。
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